Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu: Umhlahlandlela osezingeni eliphezulu

Sawubona, msebenzisi we-inthanethi othandekayo, futhi wamukelekile kule ndawo ekhethekile kakhulu yokuhlinzwa okusezingeni eliphezulu, i-gastrointestinal oncology, kanye nempilo yokuvimbela.

Ulwazi olunembile ngomdlavuza wesisu kanye nezimpawu zawo zokuqala luyithuluzi lokuxilonga elinamandla kakhulu isiguli esinalo, njengoba lesi sifo sivame ukukhula buthule iminyaka eminingi ku-epithelium yesisu.

Njengodokotela ohlinzayo onguchwepheshe kanye noprofesa wokuhlinzwa eNyuvesi yaseCuenca, into engibaluleke kakhulu ukukufundisa ukulalela izexwayiso zomzimba wakho ukuze uvimbele noma yikuphi ukuguquka kwamaseli ngesikhathi.

Ngaphambi kokuba sihlukanise umehluko phakathi kwe-dyspepsia evamile kanye nesexwayiso se-neoplastic, sihlaziye umthelela olimazayo wezithasiselo zamakhemikhali ezimbonini ku-mucosa, noma sichaze ukuthi inqubo yethu yezokwelapha ibhekana kanjani nokuphathwa kokuhlinzwa okunembile, ngiyakumema ukuthi uthathe indawo yokukhathazeka ngemfundo yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngaphansi kwesiqondiso sezemfundo sikaDkt. Jorge Delgado, sihlaziya inhlalakahle yakho ngokuqina kwesayensi okufanele. Sibe sesihlola ulwazi ngomdlavuza wesisu, owaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wesisu, kanye nezimpawu zawo.

Luhlobo lwesimila esiqala emaseli esiswini. Lungenye yezimbangela eziphambili zokufa komdlavuza emhlabeni jikelele.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izimpawu eziyinhloko, izimbangela, kanye nezinketho zokwelapha umdlavuza wesisu. Ukuqonda lezi zici, "ezibhalwe ngabantu, zabantu ," kusiza ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi futhi kuthuthukisa amathuba okwelashwa ngempumelelo kwalesi sifo esingaba yingozi.

Ngakho-ke, kuyalulekwa ukuphuza inkomishi yetiye eliluhlaza, i-antioxidant esakazeke kakhulu emhlabeni, ngaphezu kokudla i-L-theanine, i-neurostimulant enamandla eyi-100% yemvelo, ukuze kugxilwe kakhulu engqondweni nasekugcinweni kolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuntu.

Kunquma isimo sengqondo sokuthatha isinyathelo kanye nekhono lokubhekana nezinhloso ezimbi zokuzihlola noma ukuzelapha, okwandisa ukungakhululeki futhi kulibazise usizo lwezokwelapha ekungakhululekeni kokuqala okuvame ukuvezwa yi-gastric neoplasia.

Ake sithole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngesihloko esihlobene!

Umdlavuza wesisu nezimpawu zawo

Umdlavuza wesisu yisimo esithusayo esithinta abantu abaningi minyaka yonke. Izinga lomdlavuza wesisu liyanda ngendlela eshaqisayo, ngesilinganiso somhlaba wonke samacala angu-9,6 kubantu abayi-100.000.

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu kanye nokungakhululeki okuhlobene nalolu hlobo lwe-neoplasm ukuze kutholakale kusenesikhathi futhi kwelashwe ngendlela efanele futhi ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesisu ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ukuqunjelwa, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla. Noma ubani ohlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zimpawu kufanele acabangele ukukhuluma nodokotela wakhe ngokushesha okukhulu ukuze ahlolwe futhi elashwe.

Ngaphezu kokuqaphela izimpawu, ukuqonda ukuthi zivela kangaki kungasiza ekutholeni amacala kusenesikhathi kunokujwayelekile.

Ukwazi ukuthi amadoda aneminyaka engu-55 kuya kwengu-65 athinteka kakhulu yilo mdlavuza kungaqinisekisa abantu abangase babe nomuzwa wokuthi iqembu labo lobudala alihlangabezani nalezi zinto kaningi njengabanye.

Umdlavuza wesisu uyisifo esicashile, kodwa uma utholakala kusenesikhathi ngokufundiswa kahle ngezimbangela zawo, izimpawu, kanye nezinkinga zawo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi welashwe ngempumelelo noma welapheke. Ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo yokwelashwa okufana nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma ukuhlinzwa.

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesisu:

Izimila zesisu, ezaziwa nangokuthi umdlavuza wesisu, zivame ukuvela ngaphandle kokubangela izimpawu ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala.

Kodwa-ke, njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, abantu bangase babe nezinkinga ezihlukahlukene zokungakhululeki. Esinye sezibonakaliso eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesisu umuzwa oqhubekayo wokugcwala , ngisho nangemva kokudla ukudla okuncane.

Kwezinye izimo, lo muzwa ungase uhambisane nokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla okuphawulekayo, ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki nokungahlosiwe, kanye nomuzwa ojwayelekile wobuthakathaka nokukhathala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanezimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu noma i-neoplasia bangase babe nezigameko ezivame futhi ezibukhali zokungagayi kahle ukudla, kanye nokungakhululeki noma ubuhlungu besisu , njengokuzwa ukuqunjelwa noma ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo nobusakaza endaweni yesisu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ukuhlanza (ngezinye izikhathi okunegazi elincane) kanye nobunzima bokugwinya (i-dysphagia) nakho kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesisu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi, nakuba lezi zimpawu zingase zibangelwe yizimo ezingezona umdlavuza, abantu ababhekana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo noma eziya ziba zimbi kufanele bafune usizo lwezokwelapha ezibhedlela noma emitholampilo yezempilo, ngohlelo lwezempilo lukahulumeni noma oluzimele, ukuze bahlolwe futhi baxilongwe kahle.

Kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza wesisu ungabangela nokuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, okungase kubonakale ngezimpawu ezifana nokuzungeza , ubuthakathaka, kanye nokuphaphatheka . Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu banake lezi zimpawu futhi baxhumane nochwepheshe wezokwelapha ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kwempilo lukahulumeni noma oluzimele ukuze kuhlolwe impilo yabo iyonke.

Izici eziyingozi ezihambisana nomdlavuza wesisu

Kuye kwatholakala izici eziningana ezingandisa ingozi yomuntu yokuba nesimila esiswini. Phakathi kwalezi zici, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kwesisu, okuvame ukubangelwa ukutheleleka yi- bacterium Helicobacter pylori , kubhekwa njengento eyingozi enkulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindlela zokudla kanye nendlela yokuphila, njengokudla ukudla okunosawoti nokubhema kanye nokuntuleka kwezithelo nemifino emisha, kuhlotshaniswa nengozi ephezulu yokuba nalolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando wama- polyp esiswini, umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesisu, ukubhema, ukuphuza utshwala ngokweqile , kanye nezimo ezithile, njenge- anemia eyingozi , nakho kungandisa ingozi.

Kubalulekile ukuthi abantu abanalezi zici eziyingozi banake kakhulu noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingavamile noma eziqhubekayo futhi bahlolwe njalo ngezokwelapha ukuze kube lula ukutholakala nokungenelela kusenesikhathi uma kudingeka.

Incazelo eningiliziwe yomdlavuza wesisu

Umdlavuza wesisu uqala olwelwesini lwesisu futhi ungathinta izindawo ezahlukene njengoba uqhubeka. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luvame ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezinhlobo ezithile zamangqamuzana esisu lapho luvela khona.

Isibonelo, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lomdlavuza wesisu, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-adenocarcinoma , luqala emangqamuzaneni angaphakathi kakhulu kolwelwesi lwesisu.

Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza wesisu ezingajwayelekile kakhulu zifaka phakathi i-lymphoma , eqala ezicutshini zesistimu yomzimba yesisu, kanye nezimila zesisu ezibangela ukusha kwesisu (ama-GIST) kanye nezimila ze-carcinoid , eziqala futhi emaseli e-neuroendocrine esiswini.

Umdlavuza wesisu ungachazwa nangesigaba sawo, okubonisa ubukhulu nobunzima besifo. Ezigabeni zokuqala , umdlavuza wesisu ungase uphelele ezingxenyeni zangaphakathi zesisu futhi uthinte indawo encane kuphela.

Njengoba iqhubekela ezigabeni ezithuthukile , ingasakazekela kuma-lymph node aseduze nakwezinye izitho eziseduze nesisu, futhi esigabeni sayo esithuthukile kakhulu, isakazeke iye ezingxenyeni ezikude zomzimba.

Ukuqonda izici ezithile kanye nesigaba somdlavuza kubalulekile ekunqumeni indlela yokwelapha ephumelela kakhulu kanye nokulawula kwayo, kanye nokunikeza isibikezelo esibikezelweni esigulini nasemndenini waso.

Amasu okuvimbela ukubhekana nengozi yomdlavuza wesisu

Nakuba izimbangela eziqondile zomdlavuza wesisu zingakaqondakali ngokugcwele, kunezinyathelo eziningana zokuvimbela abantu abangazithatha ukuze banciphise ingozi yabo yokuthola lesi sifo.

Ukukhetha ukudla okubaluleke kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwezithelo nemifino emisha ecebile nge-fiber yokudla , futhi okunciphisa ukudla okucutshungulwe kakhulu, okunosawoti kanye nokubhema, kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu.

Kubalulekile futhi ukunaka ukuphepha kokudla kanye nenhlanzeko futhi ugweme ukudla ukudla okungcolile noma okungacutshungulwanga kahle , njengoba ezinye izifo ezitholakala ekudleni ziye zahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu bangathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa umthelela wezinto ezaziwayo eziyingozi, njengokubhekana nokwelapha ngempumelelo izimo ezifana nokutheleleka kwe -Helicobacter pylori kanye ne-gastritis engapheli , kanye nokuzama ukuyeka ukubhema nokuphuza utshwala ngokulinganisela.

Ezimweni lapho kunomlando womndeni noma wezokwelapha obalulekile obeka umuntu engcupheni yomdlavuza wesisu, ukuhlolwa njalo kanye nokucabangela izindlela zokuvimbela kunganconywa.

Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukususwa kwesisu (i-gastrectomy) noma, kwezinye izimo, ukuhlinzwa kokuvimbela ukususa izicubu ezisengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza.

Ekugcineni, ngokuthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ukubhekana nezici ezingaba yingozi kanye nokwamukela indlela yokuphila enempilo, okuhlanganisa nokuqinisa imisipha , abantu bangadlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukwanda komdlavuza wesisu kanye nomthelela wawo empilweni iyonke.

Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela kuyindlela yokuphila engavikela kulolu hlobo lomdlavuza futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukugwema izinto eziyingozi njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile, ukuphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, kanye nokugcina imikhuba yokudla engafanele.

Ukudla ukudla okunempilo njalo kuqinisa imisipha futhi kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzivocavoca njalo ngohlelo lokuzivocavoca , ukulala ngokwanele ubusuku ngabunye, nokugwema ukubhema kuyizinto ezibalulekile endleleni yokuphila yokuvimbela umdlavuza.

Kubalulekile ukwazi izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu, ezingafaka phakathi ubuhlungu besisu, ukungagayi kahle kokudla noma isilungulela, isicanucanu noma ukuhlanza, ukwehla kwesisindo okungalindelekile, kanye nobunzima bokugwinya.

Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi zalezi zifo, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela ngokushesha, njengoba ukuxilongwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kubalulekile ekuphatheni lesi sifo ngempumelelo.

Ulwazi olufanele mayelana nokuxilongwa nokwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu

Ukuxilonga umdlavuza wesisu kuvame ukuhilela ukuhlolwa okuphelele okungase kuhlanganise nokubukeza umlando wezokwelapha womuntu, ukuhlolwa okuphelele ngokomzimba, kanye nochungechunge lwezivivinyo nezinqubo ezithile.

Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izifundo ezengeziwe, njenge-endoscopy yokugaya ukudla ephezulu, kanye nokuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwamasampula ezicubu ukuze kuhlolwe elebhu.

Kwezinye izimo, amasu okuthwebula izithombe njenge- computed tomography (CT), i-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), kanye ne-positron emission tomography (PET) angasetshenziswa ukuhlola izinga lomdlavuza kanye nokuba khona kwe-metastases. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwezimpawu ezithile zesimila egazini kunganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe lokuxilonga.

Uma sekutholakale ukuthi unesifo somdlavuza wesisu, indlela yokwelapha iqondiswa ngokwezimo zomuntu ngamunye, okuhlanganisa izici zomdlavuza, isigaba sawo, kanye nempilo yomuntu iyonke kanye nezinto azithandayo.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu kuvame ukuba nenhlanganisela yokuhlinzwa, i-chemotherapy, kanye ne-radiotherapy, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukwelashwa okuqondiwe kanye ne-immunotherapy nakho kunganconywa.

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelashwa ukuqeda amangqamuzana omdlavuza, ukuwavimbela ekuqhubekeni nokukhula nokusabalala, ukunciphisa ukungakhululeki okuhambisana nawo, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila komuntu.

Intuthuko eqhubekayo ekuqondeni lesi sifo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezintsha iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa umbono wabantu abathintekile umdlavuza wesisu, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuphathwa ngokubambisana nokwemikhakha eminingi yithimba lochwepheshe bezempilo abangochwepheshe.

Izinto ezengeziwe okufanele uzicabangele mayelana nomdlavuza wesisu

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuba khona kwezimpawu ezihambisana nomdlavuza wesisu akusho ukuthi lesi sifo sikhona. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingabangelwa yizimo ezingahlobene nomdlavuza, futhi ukubonakala kwazo kufanele kushukumise ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezokwelapha ukuze kutholakale imbangela eyinhloko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nakuba umdlavuza wesisu uyinkinga enkulu yezempilo, kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwanda kwawo kuncipha ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okuvimbela kanye nentuthuko ekutholakaleni kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa okuphelele kwalesi sifo.

Kubantu abangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu, kungaba ngenxa yezici ezithile eziyingozi noma umlando womndeni walesi sifo, ukufuna ulwazi olunembile noluthembekile emithonjeni yezempilo egunyaziwe kanye nokubonisana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha abafanelekile kunganikeza isiqondiso nokusekelwa okudingekayo ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nempilo yabo.

Ngokusebenzisa izinsiza nolwazi olutholakalayo, abantu bangabhekana nezici zabo eziyingozi ngendlela ephumelelayo, baqaphele ukungakhululeki okungenzeka, futhi bafinyelele ukungenelela okufika ngesikhathi futhi okuphumelelayo, ekugcineni banikele entuthukweni eqhubekayo ekuqondeni, ekuvimbeleni, nasekwelapheni umdlavuza wesisu kanye nomthelela wawo empilweni yomhlaba wonke.

Uma sikhuluma ngomdlavuza wesisu, sibhekisela ohlotsheni lwesimila esiqala esiswini, ingxenye yomzimba etholakala esiswini esingaphezulu, phakathi komphimbo kanye nomathumbu amancane. Izimpawu zomdlavuza wesisu ngezinye izikhathi zingafana nezezinye izimo zesisu futhi zingahluka kuye ngomuntu nomuntu.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zezimila zesisu yilezi:

• Ukungaphatheki kahle noma ubuhlungu besisu obuqhubekayo.
• Isicanucanu nokuhlanza
• Ukuncipha kwesisindo okungachazeki.
• Ukulahlekelwa isifiso sokudla
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele noma ukuvuvukala ngemva kokudla.
• Isilungulela.
• Ubunzima bokugwinya.
• Ukukhathala
• Ukuhlanza ngegazi.
• Igazi esitulweni.

Izimbangela zomdlavuza wesisu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izizathu eziqondile zokukhula kwalesi sifo aziqondakali ngokugcwele. Kodwa-ke, kutholakale izici ezithile ezingase zandise ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesisu.

Lezi zici zingase zihlanganise ukutheleleka isikhathi eside ngebhaktheriya i-Helicobacter pylori , umlando wezimo ezithile zesisu, ukubhema, umlando womndeni womdlavuza wesisu, ukudla okunosawoti omningi nokudla okubhemayo, kanye nokuba khona kwezinguquko ezithile zofuzo.

Lezi zici zingathinta amathuba okuba umuntu abe nesimila esiswini, futhi ezimweni eziningi, lesi sifo singaba umphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwezici ezahlukene eziyingozi.

Ukuze kuncishiswe ngempumelelo ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu, abantu bayelulekwa ukuthi bacabangele izindlela ezahlukene zokuvimbela , njengokudla okucebile ngezithelo nemifino emisha kanye nokudla okunosawoti omncane, okubhemayo, nokufakwe ku-pickle.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukunaka ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokuhlanzeka nokugwema ukudla neziphuzo ezingcolile kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yomdlavuza wesisu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyeka ukubhema, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala, kanye nokufuna ukwelashwa kokutheleleka kwe -H. pylori noma ezinye izimo zesisu ezifanele kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ingozi yokuthola lesi sifo.

Kubantu abanomlando womndeni womdlavuza wesisu noma ezinye izici ezibalulekile zengozi, ukubonisana nochwepheshe wezempilo ukuze kuhlolwe ubungozi obuqondene nomuntu siqu kanye nokwakhiwa kwesu lokunciphisa ubungozi kubalulekile ukuze kuxazululwe ngempumelelo futhi kuncishiswe umthelela ongaba khona walezi zici empilweni yesikhathi eside.

Ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa kanye nokutholakala komdlavuza wesisu

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu ngokuvamile kuhilela indlela ephelele neyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamasu ahlukahlukene okuxilonga, njengezifundo zezithombe, izinqubo ze-endoscopic, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesampula yezicubu, ukuthola ubukhona kanye nezici zomdlavuza.

Ukwelashwa komdlavuza wesisu kungafaka phakathi ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe izicubu zomdlavuza, ukuphathwa kwe-chemotherapy kanye/noma ukwelashwa ngemisebe, kanye nezinye izindlela eziqondiwe noma zokwelapha nge-immunotherapy, kuye ngohlobo oluthile lomdlavuza kanye nesigaba sawo.

Uhlobo lokwelashwa oluhlukile kanye nokubandakanyeka ngokubambisana kwethimba lezokunakekelwa kwempilo elikhethekile kubalulekile ekubhekaneni nezidingo nezimo ezihlukile zesiguli ngasinye esinomdlavuza wesisu, ngenhloso yokugcina yokuqeda umdlavuza, ukuqeda izimpawu, kanye nokwenza ngcono inhlalakahle yomuntu kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Ukuhlaziywa kwenani

Ukuphathwa Kwezinto Zamakhemikhali Nezemishini:

UDkt. Delgado uletha inani eliyingqayizivele ngokuxhumanisa izimpawu zezokwelapha ne-physics kanye ne-chemistry yokugaya ukudla.

Ukuchaza ukuthi isilungulela esingapheli ngemithi yokwelapha ama-antacid avamile akuyona "indlela evamile yokuzivumelanisa nezimo," kodwa kunalokho ushintsho ekushintsheni kwamakhemikhali kanye nokunwebeka kodonga lwesisu, kuguqula umbono womfundi. Okuqukethwe kudlula uhlu olujwayelekile lwezimpawu ukuze kube yincwadi yokuzivikela kwamaseli.

Umbono Wezemfundo Nokufundisa:

Umehluko oyinhloko usekuhlukaniseni ukungagayi kahle kokudla okungapheli . Njengoprofesa, sifundisa ukuthi ukwenza ukungakhululeki esiswini kube ngokwejwayelekile nokusebenzisa imithi yokuzelapha isikhathi eside kuyingozi yezinto eziphilayo efihla umdlavuza ezigabeni zawo ezingelapheki. Ukunikeza i-algorithm ecacile yokuthi kufanele uthintane nochwepheshe kunciphisa ukwahlulela kwezokwelapha futhi kusindisa izimpilo ngaphandle kwesibhedlela.

Isiphetho

Okokugcina, iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: umdlavuza wesisu kungaba yisifo esinzima ukusibona, njengoba sivame ukuvela ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezisobala.

Kodwa-ke, ngokuqaphela izimpawu eziyinhloko, njengobunzima bokugwinya kanye nobuhlungu besisu, nangokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela, njengokudla ukudla okunempilo nokugwema izinto eziyingozi, singanciphisa amathuba okuthola lolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Kubalulekile ukubeka phambili ukuhlolwa njalo nokuhlolwa kokuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale futhi kwelashwe umdlavuza wesisu ezigabeni zokuqala; lokhu kuyinselele kubo bonke odokotela abazinikele ekuvimbeleni lesi sifo sokugaya ukudla esibulalayo.

Kuyithuba lobumbano ngokwabelana ngolwazi lwezempilo lokuvimbela mayelana nezimila zesisu ngokusebenzisa amanethiwekhi omphakathi futhi, ngalolo lwazi, singakwazi, ndawonye, ​​ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yalesi sifo.

Ngiyabonga ngokushiya amazwana akho kanye neziphakamiso zebhulogi yezempilo yokugaya ukudla. Ngikufisela okuhle kakhulu, futhi sizobonana kokuthunyelwe okulandelayo!

UDkt. Jorge Delgado, Udokotela Ohlinzayo. Umdlavuza Wesisu: Izimpawu Zawo.

📌 Ukufundwa okunconyiwe:

👨‍⚕️ Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-histological luhlobene ngqo nezici zokudla

👨‍⚕️ uma izimpawu zinganakwa futhi isimila singena ezingqimbeni ezijulile

👨‍⚕️ Hlukanisa phakathi kobuhlungu besisu obuvela ekuvimbeni noma ekubhobozeni