Sawubona mfowethu othandekayo msebenzisi we-inthanethi, wamukelekile kubhulogi yezempilo yokugaya ukudla. Siqala ngombuzo ovame ukubuzwa: Iyini i-appendix?
I-vermiform appendicular viscera ibilokhu iyisitho esiyimfihlakalo somzimba womuntu isikhathi eside, ishiya abantu abaningi bezibuza ngemvelaphi kanye nomsebenzi wayo.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukujula kwalesi sakhiwo esiyimfihlakalo futhi sihlole imvelaphi yesithasiselo. Ngale kokuqala kwaso, sizokwembula nendima ebalulekile kanye nomsebenzi waso emzimbeni womuntu, kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona. "Kubhalwe ngabantu, ngenxa yabantu."
Lesi yisikhathi esifanele sokuphefumula ngokujulile, ubambe imizuzwana emi-4, bese ukhipha umoya kancane. Phinda lo msebenzi izikhathi ezine. Lokhu kusiza ukufaka umoya-mpilo kuma-neurons ngokubanikeza umthombo wamandla abalulekile ongcono kakhulu, umoya-mpilo.
Lokhu kuvumela ukugxilisa ingqondo okungcono kanye nokugcinwa kolwazi ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuntu; kuzo... nquma futhi ugcine isimo sengqondo sokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala futhi ungalingwa yi- ukuzihlola noma yi- ukuzelaphaUkwenza kanjalo kuchitha isikhathi esibalulekile futhi kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu endaweni yokugaya ukudla.
Joyina nathi kulolu hambo oluthakazelisayo njengoba sivula izimfihlo ze-appendix futhi sithole izindlela ezimangalisayo ezisiza ngazo enhlalakahleni yethu iyonke. Ake singene ezweni le-appendix futhi sembule izimfihlakalo zalo.
Manje sizophendula imibuzo ehlukahlukene ebuzwa yiziguli nemindeni yazo ngesikhathi sokubonisana ngezokwelapha noma emakamelweni ezimo eziphuthumayo ezibhedlela noma emitholampilo ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezempilo lukahulumeni noma oluzimele. Ake sixoxe ngazo:
I-appendix ivela ku-ni?
I-appendix yomuntu iyisitho esincane, esimise okweshubhu esitholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amathumbu amancane namakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi savela esikhwameni se-cecal sokhokho, isitho esisetshenziselwa ukugaya izitshalo ezicebile nge-cellulose.
Nakuba umsebenzi oqondile wesithasiselo usalokhu uphikisana, abanye ososayensi bathi udlala indima ku- ukugcinwa kwamagciwane anenzuzo lokho kungasiza ekugcwaliseni amathumbu ngemva kwesigameko sohudo noma ezinye izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.
Ukuvama kwezibalo kusikisela ukuthi nxazonke Abantu abangu-7 kuya ku-10% Iningi labantu lizobhekana nokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala kwe-appendix, okwaziwa ngokuthi i-appendicitis, ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu yilezi: Ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, umkhuhlane, kanye nokulahlekelwa yisifiso sokudla.
Uma ingelashwa ekuqaleni kwezimpawu, i-appendicitis ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu, njenge-appendix ebhobozekile enegciwane esiswini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi izimbangela zayo nokuxhumana nodokotela uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu zayo.
Nakuba izinkinga ezifana namathumba zingase zenzeke, ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-vermiform appendix kusalokhu kungenye yezinqubo ezivame kakhulu kwezokwelapha zanamuhla.
Kunoma ikuphi, ukuhlinzwa kuseyindlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu ye-appendicitis, ngokuvamile ehlanganisa ukususwa kwe-appendicitis ngokuhlinzwa okuvamile okuvulekile noma inqubo ye-laparoscopic engangenisi kakhulu ukuze kususwe isitho esivuvukele nesithelelekile.
Iyini i-appendix?
Isitho esincane esitholakala lapho kuhlangana khona amathumbu amancane namakhulu omzimba womuntu besilokhu sifihliwe isikhathi eside.
Naphezu kobukhulu nokubukeka kwayo okungabonakali, isitho esingezansi sitholakale sidlala indima ebalulekile. indima ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntuIzifundo zamuva nje zembule ukuthi akuyona into engenamsebenzi yesikhathi sethu esidlule sokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa yingxenye eyisisekelo yesimiso sethu somzimba sokuzivikela.
Iqukethe izicubu ze-lymphoid, iyasiza ekulweni nezifo kanye ukukhulisa ukukhula kwamagciwane anenzuzo emathunjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isebenza njengendawo yokugcina lawa ma-microorganisms awusizo, igcwalisa amathumbu uma kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwezitshalo ezivamile.
Yazisa indima leyo Ukuqonda indima yesitho esingezansi ekulweni kwethu namasosha omzimba kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukubaluleka kwaso okubalulekile. kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yokususwa kwayo ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo.
Izimpawu ezihambisana ne-appendicitis ziyahlukahluka, kodwa zingase zihlanganise ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza, kanye nesicanucanu. Kwezinye izimo, i-appendix ingavuvukala, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-appendicitis kwabesilisa, esidinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha.
Ukuze, Ukuqaphela izimpawu ze-appendicitis kwabesilisa kubalulekile ekuxilongweni nasekulashweni ngesikhathi esifanele.Ukuqonda isakhiwo, umsebenzi, kanye nokuguquka kwesitho esingaphansi kwe-vermiform kungasisiza siqonde imvelaphi yaso kanye nokubaluleka kwaso empilweni yethu yonke kanye nenhlalakahle yethu.
Umsuka wesithasiselo
Imfihlakalo yemvelaphi yesithasiselo ibilokhu icwaningwa futhi icatshangwa isikhathi eside. Kucatshangwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yavela esikhwameni esikhulu se-cecal, isici esabonwa kokhokho bethu ababedla uhlaza kakhulu.
Njengoba ukudla kwazo kushintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi ziba ziningi kakhulu, i-cecum yashwabana kanti i-appendix, isitho esincane, esifana nesikhwama, yaba isakhiwo esingenalutho. (isici sento ephilayo elahlekelwe umsebenzi wayo noma ingxenye yayo phakathi nokuvela kwayo).
Nakuba injongo eqondile yesithasiselo ingaqondakali ngokugcwele, kubonakala sengathi iqukethe izicubu ze-lymphatic, ezingase zibe negalelo ekusebenzeni kwesistimu yomzimba wonke.
Ukuvela kwe-appendix kube yisihloko socwaningo olukhulu kanye nokuqagela. Abanye ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi yayisebenza njengendawo yokugcina amagciwane awusizo kokhokho bethu.
Indawo yayo, exhunywe emathunjini amakhulu, Lokhu kwenze kwaba yindawo efanelekile yokugcina amabhaktheriyaokwakungasiza ekugayweni kokudla noma okuhlinzeke ukuzivikela ezifweni eziyingozi ezivela emathunjini amancane.
Nakuba indima yamanje ye-appendix emizimbeni yethu ingase inciphe, umsebenzi wayo wasendulo njengendawo yokugcina amagciwane ungase ube yinto ebalulekile nanamuhla.
Kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze ukuqonda ngokugcwele ukuvela kanye nenhloso yesitho esingezansi, kanye nendima yayo engaba khona emlandweni wethu wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusalokhu kuyisihloko esithakazelisayo esingabelana ngaso ocwaningweni lwamanje.
Ukuvela kwesithasiselo
Umlando wesitho esingezansi uyisihloko esikhangayo esikhanyisa intuthuko yalesi sitho esiyimfihlakalo. Ngokutadisha izinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane, ochwepheshe bakwazile ukulandelela imvelaphi yesithasiselo nokuqonda ukubaluleka kwaso kokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi isitho se-appendicular savela ku-cecum enkulu eyayivelele kakhulu kokhokho bethu ababedla uhlaza. Njengoba ukudla kwethu kwashintsha, i-cecum yancipha ngobukhulu, futhi i-appendix yavela njengesakhiwo esingenalutho.
Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kwemvelo kusho ukuthi i-appendix kungenzeka ukuthi yadlala indima ebalulekile ekugayweni kwezinto zezitshalo kokhokho bethu basendulo. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane kanye nenhloso ebonakala ingabalulekile kubantu banamuhla, Isithasiselo siyaqhubeka njengesikhumbuzo sesikhathi sethu esidlule sokuziphendukela kwemvelo..
Ukuvela kwe-appendix kuphakamisa imibuzo evuselelayo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwayo kwamanje emzimbeni womuntu. Naphezu kokuqashelwa kwayo njengembangela ye-appendicitis, umsebenzi wayo wangempela usalokhu uyinkinga yempikiswano yesayensi.
Abanye ososayensi basikisela ukuthi i-vermiform appendicular viscera isebenza njenge inqolobane yamagciwane awusizo emathunjiniukuhlinzeka ngesiphephelo esithweni sangasese uma kunezifo ezithelelanayo noma izinkinga zokugaya ukudla ngemva kwe-dysbiosis ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic e-broad-spectrum ngezizathu ezahlukahlukene.
Abanye bathi ayilutho ngaphandle kwensalela engenalutho engenamsebenzi obalulekile kubantu banamuhla. Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuvela kwe-appendix kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okungenzeka emzimbeni womuntu, ucwaningo olwengeziwe lubalulekile. Ake siqhubeke nalokhu kufunda okuthakazelisayo:
Isakhiwo sesithasiselo
Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi komzimba womuntu kufaka phakathi isitho esiyingqayizivele, i-appendix. Isimo saso esifana ne-tubular noma isikhwama sitholakala eduze nendawo lapho amathumbu amancane namakhulu ehlangana khona, futhi Ilinganiselwa phakathi kwamasentimitha angu-5 no-7 kanye nayishumi ubude.
Ulwelwesi lwayo lwangaphakathi, olwaziwa ngokuthi i-mucosa, lugcwele izicubu ze-lymphoid, ezibalulekile ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba; lokhu kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina ukusebenza kwalo kokuzivikela.
Kanti, izindonga zemisipha zivumela ukufinyela ngokusunduza izinto ngokusebenzisa i-lumen yazo, noma ukuvulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungqimba lwangaphandle, i-serosa, Inikeza isivikelo futhi igcina isitho sisendaweni yaso ngaphakathi kwesisu..
Ngakho-ke, izitho zangaphakathi ze-appendicular zihlukile ngokusobala kwezinye izitho zesistimu yokugaya ukudla, okwenza kube yindawo ethakazelisayo yokufunda.
Isitho esingezansi siyingxenye yesimiso sokugaya ukudla futhi sinamathele ku-cecum, isakhiwo esifana nesikhwama esitholakala ekuqaleni kwamathumbu amakhulu. Itholakala endaweni engezansi kwesokudla kwesisuYakhiwe yizingqimba eziningi zezicubu: i-mucosa, i-submucosa, i-muscularis propria, kanye ne-serosa.
Ama-follicle abo e-lymphoid Bakhiqiza futhi bagcine ama-lymphocyte, amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi ezisiza ekulweni nezifo futhi zivikele ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-appendicular viscus Yenza eminye imisebenzi yokuzivikela komzimba ngaphezu kwemisebenzi yayo yokugaya ukudla, okugcizelela ukubaluleka kwesakhiwo sayo empilweni iyonke kanye nezindlela zokuzivikela zomzimba.
Noma kunjalo, i-appendix iyisitho esimangalisayo esinesakhiwo esihlukile. Izicubu zayo ze-lymphoid kanye nezindonga zemisipha kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwayo kahle ekushintshisaneni kwezinto zamathumbu, okwenza kube yinto ebalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.
Ngakho-ke, ukufunda isakhiwo nemisebenzi ye isitho se-vermiform appendicular Kunganikeza ulwazi olubalulekile lokulondoloza inhlalakahle yomzimba.
Umsebenzi we-appendix emzimbeni womuntu
Isitho esincane esiseduze nendawo lapho amathumbu amancane namakhulu ahlangana khona sesibe yindaba ethakazelisayo kubacwaningi. Nakuba sibhekwa njengesakhiwo esingenalutho esingenanjongo ebalulekile, Izifundo manje sezembule ukubaluleka kwazo ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba.
Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, i-appendix igcwele izicubu ze-lymphoid, ezibalulekile ekuvikeleni amagciwane namagciwane, kanye nokugcina impilo yamathumbu. Lesi zicubu sikhiqiza amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kanye nama-antibodies asebenza ukuvikela umzimba ezifweni ezincane eziyingozi.
Ngenxa yalokho, isebenza njengendawo yokugcina amabhaktheriya awusizo ukusiza gcina ibhalansi ye-microbiota yamathumbu.
I-appendix nayo iyingxenye ebalulekile yempendulo yomzimba wethu ekuvuvukeni nasekuthelelekeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuba khona kwama-lymphocyte ngaphakathi kwe-appendix, athola futhi alwe nezinto zangaphandle.
Lapho umzimba ubhekene nosongoLawa maseli aya emthonjeni futhi avuselele impendulo yomzimba. Lokhu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kwe-appendix ekulondolozeni impilo yethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusiza ukuphinda kugcwale i-microbiota ngemva kokugula okufana i-gastroenteritis ebukhali noma ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic e-broad-spectrum okuholela ku-dysbiosis yamathumbu enenzuzo.
Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-appendix iyisitsha samabhaktheriya awusizo, angagcwalisa ngokushesha i-microbiota yamathumbu ngemva kokuphazamiseka kwebhalansi yawo. Lesi senzo sisiza ukubuyisela inhlalakahle yamathumbu futhi sinegalelo empilweni yokugaya ukudla iyonke.
Izimbangela ezivamile ze-appendicitis
Esinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko ze-appendicitis ebukhali yilesi: ukuphazamiseka ye-vermiform appendix. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kungenza ngenxa yokuba khona kwento yangaphandlenjengokudla okungagayiwe, indle eqinile, kanye nezinambuzane noma imbewu.
Uma i-appendix ivinjiwe, iqoqa amagesi, i-mucus, namabhaktheriya, okubangela ukuvuvukala ngokuqina kodonga lwangaphakathi, ukuncipha kwe-appendiceal lumen, futhi ekugcineni, ukuvalwa kwe-appendix ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-appendix isebenza njengesiphephelo samabhaktheriya amathumbu abizwa ngokuthi awusizo, futhi uma evinjelwa, amabhaktheriya anganda ngokushesha, okubangela ukuvuvukala kanye nokutheleleka okuhambisana ne-appendicitis.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, a Izicubu ze-lymph ezikhulisiwe zingakhuthaza ukukhula Amabhaktheriya athile angabangela ukuvaleka ngokudala ingcindezi evala i-lumen. Lokhu, nakho, kungaba nzima ngokuba khona kobomvu emgodini ngenxa yokuqhekeka nokuphuma kokuqukethwe kwe-appendiceal. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda izimbangela ezivamile ze-appendicitis kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni.
I-appendix isebenza njengendawo yokuzalela amagciwane amathumbu, futhi uma ukutheleleka kusabalala, kungasakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke isitho. Kubalulekile ukubhekana nanoma yikuphi ukuvinjelwa kwe-appendix ngokushesha ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwe-appendicitis ezigabeni zayo eziphambili.
Al ukwazi izimbangela ezivamile ze-appendicitisAbantu bangathatha izinyathelo zokulondoloza impilo yabo yokugaya ukudla nokunciphisa ingozi yokuba nalesi simo esibuhlungu.
Ukuvimbela i-appendicitis
I-appendix iyisakhiwo ososayensi abangakasiqondi ngokugcwele. Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi i-appendix yavela ukuze isize okhokho bethu ukugaya i-cellulose, i-fibre yesitshalo etholakala ekudleni okuvamile kwe-hunter-gatherer ene-fiber ephezulu.
Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthi yayiwusizo kokhokho bethu bokuqala, i-appendix ayisebenzi kangako kubantu banamuhla, futhi abantu bavame ukuphila impilo enempilo ngokuphelele ngemva kokususwa kwayo.
Izici zokhokho, njenge-appendix, manje ebhekwa njengengxenye engadingekile yomzimba womuntu, zivame ukusinika ikhefu lapho sicabangela zonke izici zempilo nenhlalakahle; ukuvimbela kuyindlela yokuphila edinga umzamo wokulwa izinkinga zamanje njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nendlela yokuphila yokungahlali ndawonye y londoloza imikhuba yokudla enempilo, kuyilapho kuqinisa imisipha futhi kusiza ukuvimbela izifo.
Ukuvimbela kuyindlela yokuphila laphaKhetha ukuba nempilo enhle futhi ugweme imisebenzi engabangela ukuvuvukala, njengokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi.
Ukudla kahle nge-fiber eningi yokudlaPhuza amanzi amaningi (okungenani amalitha amabili amanzi anuka kamnandi ane-chamomile, i-boldo, noma i-mint usuku lonke), vivinya umzimba, futhi uqinise imisipha yakho ngokulandela i- uhlelo lokufaneleka komzimbaUngazijwayeza izindlela zokuvimbela ezizokusiza ukuthi uhlale uphilile futhi ugweme izinkinga ezingaba khona.
Okuthakazelisa nakakhulu ukuthi abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ukube abantu bezizukulwane zangaphambilini babene-appendix enkulu ngenxa yokukhethwa kwemvelo, ngabe babehlonyiswe kangcono ukubhekana nezimo ezicindezelayo noma ukugaya ukudla okuthile kangcono kunalabo abane-appendix encane.
Akungabazeki ukuthi umcabango omangalisayo okhuluma ngobunkimbinkimbi bemizimba yethu nokuthi kungakanani esingakakwazi ngayo.
Isiphetho
Ukuze siqede ngezinto eziza kuqala, I-appendix iyisitho esithakazelisayo esiye saba yisihloko sezifundo eziningi zesayensi.Imvelaphi kanye nomsebenzi wayo emzimbeni womuntu kube umthombo wendaba amakhulu eminyaka. Nakuba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyisakhiwo esingenalutho esingenanjongo, manje sesiyazi ukuthi i-appendix idlala indima ohlelweni lokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokulinganisela kwamagciwane amathumbu.
Kodwa-ke, ingaba sengozini yokuvuvukala kanye nokutheleleka, okuholela esimweni esaziwa ngokuthi i-appendicitisUma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ze-appendicitis, kubalulekile ukuthi uye esibhedlela noma emtholampilo wezempilo oseduze kunethiwekhi yomphakathi noma yangasese.
Ukuqonda i-appendix kanye nobunzima bayo kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo yethu yonke kanye nenhlalakahle.
Sekuyisikhathi sokwabelana ngolwazi lwezempilo lokuvimbela mayelana nesithasiselo se-vermiform ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, futhi sibambisane ndawonye ukuze abantu abaningi bazuze kulolu lwazi olusha futhi banciphise izinkinga ezinkulu ezibangelwa ukubambezeleka kokufuna usizo lwezokwelapha ngesikhathi esifanele.
Ngiyabonga ngokuphawula kwakho kanye neziphakamiso zakho zebhulogi: Impilo Yokugaya Ukudla. Ukugona kobuzalwane futhi sizohlangana esihlokweni esilandelayo!
UDkt. Jorge Delgado, udokotela ohlinzayo. Iyini i-appendix?